Livestock sector involves the management of livestock population of India for food and non-food purposes. The livestock sector plays a pivotal role in the country's economy, contributing significantly to agriculture, rural livelihoods, and food security. It encompasses a wide range of domesticated animals, including cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, poultry, and more.
Let us explore the importance of the livestock sector in India, the various types of livestock reared, and the present status of the industry.
The livestock sector consists of rearing of various types of animals for food and non-food purposes. The important livestock reared in India includes cattle, poultry, goats & sheep, among others.
Cattle rearing is widespread in India, primarily for milk production. Prominent cattle breeds include Gyr, Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Red Sindhi. These breeds are known for their milk yield and are integral to the dairy industry.
Poultry farming, including chicken and ducks, is a thriving industry in India and many households have started poultry farming business in India. It contributes significantly to meat and egg production.
Broiler and layer chickens are the most common types of poultry reared for meat and egg purposes, respectively. Poultry farming is increasingly gaining popularity due to its quick turnover and lower space requirements.
Goat and sheep rearing is popular in India due to its adaptability to diverse climates. Also, it can provide meat, milk, and fibre. Breeds like Jamunapari, Barbari, and Malabari are well-known for their meat yield.
On the other hand, the Mandya and Nellore breeds are preferred for wool production. They are among the top 10 sheep breeds found in India. These animals are raised for their meat (mutton) and wool. Small-scale farmers often prefer them due to their low investment requirements.
Pig rearing in India serves various purposes and holds importance for both rural livelihoods and the overall economy. Pork is a popular source of meat in many regions of India. Pig farming provides a consistent supply of pork to meet the dietary preferences of a certain population.
Pigs have a relatively short breeding cycle and fast growth rate, leading to quicker returns on investment compared to some other livestock. Apart from meat, pig farming also yields by-products like skin and fat, which can be used for various purposes, including producing leather and lard.
The livestock sector in India has witnessed remarkable growth and development in recent years.
The livestock sector contributes to 4.11% of the total GDP. It forms 25.60% of the entire agricultural GDP.
India boasts a substantial presence in the global livestock market. It houses 12.50% of the world’s cattle population, 56.70% of its buffaloes, 3.10% of chickens and 2.40% of camels. India is the world’s second largest poultry market.
Livestock Census in India started in the year 1919. The present Livestock Census was held in 2012. As per the Census, the livestock population consists of Buffalo, Cattle, Goat, Sheep, Horses & Ponies, Pig, Mules, Mithun, Donkeys, Camel, and Yak.
Despite its importance, the livestock sector faces several challenges, including:
In conclusion, the livestock sector holds immense significance in India's socio-economic landscape. Its contribution to agriculture, livelihoods and food security cannot be overstated. As the sector evolves with technological advancements and policy support, ensuring sustainability and addressing challenges will be pivotal in realising its full potential and continuing to uplift rural communities across the nation.
With ongoing efforts to improve productivity and address challenges, the future of the livestock sector looks promising. It is crucial to support and invest in this sector to maximize its potential and ensure a sustainable and thriving future for both farmers and consumers.